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Abstract: The article focuses on a relevant issue of the cognitive discourse study of mental integration of the identity and opposition relations in synonym-antonym complexes (hereinafter referred to as SACs). SACs are lexical sets that have not been considered in lexicology previously. The results of the research are presented in the Great Explanatory Ideographic Dictionary of SACs, a new format in lexicography whose usage also makes the research in question relevant. The title of the article reflects the approaches applied in studying antonymy. The subject matter of the article is joint analysis of antonymy and synonymy considered from different angles, i. e. denotative and ideographic, cognitive discourse, derivational and semantic, and structural and semantic. The purpose of the research is to work out a system of principles of lexicographic description of antonymy and their realization in the new ideographic dictionary. The source of the research material is the electronic database of the Laboratory of Computer Lexicography. For the purpose of the research, the author relies on a number of linguistic methods. As a result of the research, the author singles out some principles for studying and lexicographizing SACs, i. e. 1) the study of antonymy in the context of synonymy and in its interaction with it; 2) the interpretation of SACs as a completely new lexical set characterized by a specific structural and sematic organization; 3) singling out types of SACs; 4) the detection of regular derivational and grammatical variations of the basic antonymic oppositions in the structure of SACs; 5) the study of the mechanism underlying the realization of mental integration of the identity and opposition relations as the key factor in the formation of SACs; 6) singling out the main models for the realization of mental integration in the structure of SACs belonging to different denotative spheres; 7) the analysis of the place of SACs in the denotative and ideographic space of the Russian language; 8) detecting the nucleus and periphery of the linguistic synonymic and antonymic worldview in the Russian language and semantic distances in the structure of its semantic space. The results of the research may be used both for theoretical studies, i. e. in fundamental research in cognitive semantics, the theory of lexical sets, theoretic lexicography, and applied practically as lexicographic material in teaching practice both in schools and universities.