Journal archive

Abstract: The Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences Great card index of materials of the unpublished “Dictionary of the Russian Language” – also known as the “Lenin Dictionary”, work on which was initiated by V.I. Lenin and supervised by D. N. Ushakov and L.V. Shcherba in the early 1920s of the 20th century – contains a special section of abbreviations totaling 1270 index cards. The aim of this paper is to introduce those interested in research to the composition of the card index, which was found among the materials of the “Lenin Dictionary” in 2023 and, naturally, had not been described before. The use of the same standard print cards for the card index of abbreviations as for the card index of the “Lenin Dictionary” shows that it was in the process of the dictionary compilation that this card index was created. The headword cards contain only definitions; 36 words are exceptions and are supplemented with usage examples on separate cards. Various abbreviations are included in the card index. These are words consisting of the initial parts of words, made up by the combination of the initial part(s) of a word with a whole word, abbreviations of separate words, and complex abbreviations of a mixed type, a number of which consist of two or more words. Some abbreviations contain their variants, including oral ones. The abbreviations are thematically diverse: they include names of organizations, legal notions, etc. The process of abbreviation was especially active in the Russian language from 1917 to 1923. It was at this time that the first dictionaries of abbreviations were published. In comparison with the published dictionaries, the materials of the card index include a significantly greater number of abbreviations. Undoubtedly, the card index from the archive of the Great card index of the Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences represents unique material for the study of word formation and history of the Russian language.

About the author(s) :

Irina E. Kuznetsova

Institute for Linguistic Studies of Russian Academy of Sciences
(Saint Petersburg, Russia)

ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7984-5919

 

Gennadii A. Kuznetsov

Institute for Linguistic Studies of Russian Academy of Sciences
(Saint Petersburg, Russia)

ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7836-5816

Publication Timeline:

Date of receipt: 23.10.2023; date of publication: 30.12.2023

References:

Alexeev, D. I. (1979). Sokrashchennye slova v russkom yazyke [Abbreviated Words in the Russian Language]. Saratov, SGU. 328 p.

Antonov, V. P. (2014). Funktsionirovaniya abbreviatur v khudozhestvennom tekste (na primere povesti G. Belykh i L. Panteleeva “Respublika SHKID”) [The Functioning of Abbreviations in Artistic Texts (on the Example of the Story “Republic SHKID” by G. Belykh and L. Panteleev)]. In Filologicheskie nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktiki. № 3 (33), vol. II, pp. 24-28.

Kaledina, A. V., Laricheva, N. V. (2009). Stanovlenie i razvitie abbreviaturnogo sposoba slovoobrazovaniya [Formation and Development of the Abbreviation Method of Word Formation]. In Almanakh sovremennoi nauki i obrazovaniya. Tambov, Gramota, № 8 (27). Vol. II, pp. 90-92.

Klimas, I. S. (2016). Abbreviatury v sostave aktualnoi leksiki Russkogo yazyka [Abbreviations in the Composition of the Actual Vocabulary of the Russian Language]. In Teoriya yazyka i mezhkulturnaya kommunikatsiya. № 3 (22), pp. 73-81.

Komissiya po russkomu yazyku Akademii nauk SSSR (1932). [Commission on the Russian Language of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR]. Slovar’ russkogo yazyka [Dictionary of the Russian Language]. Vol. 1. Pt. 1.
Leningrad, USSR AS. 224 p.

Kratkii sovetskii slovar’ obshcheupotrebitel’nykh sokrashchenii (1924). [Short Soviet Dictionary of Common Abbreviations]. Tashkent, Tsentr. det. komis. pri Turtsike. 38 p.

Levashov, E. A., Petushkov, V. P. (1975). Lenin i slovari [Lenin and Dictionaries]. Leningrad, Nauka. 109 p.

Nikitin, O. V. (2004). Zabytye stranitsy russkoi leksikografii 1920-kh gg. (predystoriya “Ushakovskogo slovarya”) [The Forgotten Pages of the Russian Lexicography of 1920s (Prehistory of the Ushakov Dictionary)]. In Russkii yazyk v nauchnom osveshchenii. № 1 (7), pp. 195–228.

Nikitin, O. V. (2005). Zabytaya kartoteka (iz leksikograficheskoi praktiki 1920-kh gg.) [The Forgotten Card Index (from the Lexicographical Practice of the 1920s)]. In Sed’mye Polivanovskie chteniya: Sb. st. po mater. dokl. i soobshch. konf. (Smolensk, 11–12 okt. 2005 goda). Part 1. Sotsiolingvistika. Leksika i frazeologiya. Leksikografiya. Problemy metodiki. Smolensk, SGPU, pp. 209–220.

Nikitin, O. V. (2016). Zabytaya kartoteka, ili sud’ba russkogo “Lyarussa” [The Forgotten Card Index, or the Fate of the Russian ‘Larousse’] In Mir russkogo slova. № 1, pp. 13–22.

Priemysheva, M. N. Stukova, E. G. (2020). Akademicheskii “Slovar russkogo yazyka” pod redaktsiei akademika N. S. Derzhavina (1929-1937 gg.) v istorii russkoi tolkovoi leksikografii [The Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language (1929−1937) Edited by N. S. Derzhavin in the History of Russian Explanatory Lexicography]. In Voprosy leksikografii – Russian Journal of Lexicography. № 17, pp. 195–212.

Selishchev, A. M. (1928). Yazyk revolyutsionnoi epokhi. Iz nablyudenii nad russkim yazykom poslednikh let (1917-1926) [The Language of the Revolutionary Epoch. From Observations on the Russian Language in Recent Years (1917-1926)]. Moscow, “Rabotnik prosveshcheniya”. 248 p.

Semerikov, A. V. (1967). Iz istorii akademicheskoi slovarnoi kartoteki [From the History of the Academic Dictionary Card Index]. In Lingvisticheskie istochniki. Fondy Instituta russkogo yazyka. Moscow, Nauka, pp. 281–316.

Sergeeva, T. S. (2016). Abbreviatura v sisteme leksicheskikh sokrashchenii [Abbreviations in the System of Lexical Abbreviations]. In Filologicheskie nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktiki. Tambov, Gramota. № 6 (24): v 2-kh ch. Ch. II, pp. 174-179.

Sizov, N. S. (2018). Problema izucheniya leksicheskikh sokrashchenii (abbreviatury) v russkom yazyke: teoreticheskie aspekty [The Problem of Studying Lexical Abbreviations (Abbreviations) in the Russian Language: Theoretical Aspects]. In Slovo i tekst: psikholingvisticheskii podkhod. № 19, pp. 24-28.

Slovar’ voshedshikh v obikhod sokrashchennykh nazvanii (1924). [Dictionary of Common Abbreviated Names]. Vladivostok, N. N. Serokuzov. 58 p.

Ushakov, D. N. (Ed.). (1935). Tolkovyi slovar’ russkogo jazyka [Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language]. In 4 vols. Moscow, OGIZ. Vol. 1.

Verov, Rubanovsky, I. M. (Eds.). (1923). Slovar’ obshcheupotrebitel’nykh sokrashchenii “kod” [Dictionary of Common Abbreviations “Code”]. Moscow, Izd-vo Vseros. kom. pom. invalidam voyny. 8 p.