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Abstract: The article aims to highlight the importance of oppositional relationships of lexemes belonging to different parts of speech in the ideographic group “Time relative to the moment of speech” through an analysis of lexicographic data. The study also seeks to identify the basis for these oppositions and discern the aspects of the present, past, and future they represent. The study draws upon research conducted by a team led by L. G. Babenko from the Ural Federal University (Ekaterinburg, Russia), as well as the material identified and systematized during their examination of ideographic groups within the sphere “Time.” This sphere is incorporated into the synoptic framework of the Universal Ideographic Dictionary-Thesaurus. Given the inadequacy in dictionary coverage of lexemes within the category “Time relative to the moment of speech,” this study aims to fill this gap. Employing the methods such as componential analysis of lexical meaning, ideographic classification, and contextological analysis, the study delineates the key features of how time is perceived in the contemporary Russian language, anchored in the speaker and the present moment. Oppositions between past, present, and future are significant, each of them being opposed to two others. Time intervals, associated events, and the subjects involved, including their changing attributes and qualities over time, are examined within these oppositions. The highest density of contrast is between the present and the past. The past is more intensively graded, and there are oppositions in which the present is opposed to the near past / remote past / very remote past / or indefinitely remote past. There are also oppositions that gauge the degree of proximity to the present. The findings of the study, coupled with the corpus of the lexical material revealed and systematized, offer insights into the category of “Time relative to the moment of speech” and contribute to enriching the lexicographic data that can be used in the work over other dictionary projects.

About the author(s) :

Tatyana M. Voronina
Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin
(Ekaterinburg, Russia)
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6834-9856

Publication Timeline:

Date of receipt: 09.04.2024; date of publication: 30.10.2024

References:

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