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Abstract: The research is conducted in the context of modern scientific trends – cognitive science and systemology. The latter studies objects or phenomena as open, complex, self-organizing systems or their components and has not been fully appreciated by many scholars yet. This paper looks at the facts of interlingual correspondences, considered as phenomena not only of language, but also as phenomena of linguistic consciousness through the prism of the above mentioned cognitive-systemological approach. The authors prove the expediency of this approach to the study of language facts in their inseparable connection with mental phenomena, demonstrating the content-based specificity of linguistic and cognitive world-modelling reflected in the linguistic worldview of a nation. It is noted that this approach explores the links between nominations in different languages and their mental concepts, which makes it possible to understand how cognitive processes influence the structure and functioning of language systems. The aim of the study is to reveal the systemic regularities that underlie interlingual correspondences and their cognitive determinants. It is emphasized that linguistic correspondences and non-correspondences are not just phonetic, lexical, or grammatical equivalents or lacunas; they reflect deep cognitive, cultural, interactive-communicative and other features of different linguistic communities. The basic methods used in this research include the cognitive analysis of linguistic units, which involves the identification and classification of interlingual correspondences viewed through the prism of systemic and cognitive characteristics of different national worldviews. Both linear and vectorial relations between linguistic units are considered, and much attention is paid to the phenomenon of lexical lacunas – non-equivalent units absent in one language but existing in another. The authors do not aim at a consistent comparison of different language systems from the position of the cognitive-systemological approach, but by selecting some typical units from languages of different families and groups – Russian, Czech, Spanish, and Chinese, – they demonstrate and illustrate the principles of the systemic organization of linguistic phenomena: the principle of diversity, selectivity, and non-linearity. The results of the study show that, firstly, interlingual correspondences are determined not only by external factors, such as socio-cultural environment, but also by internal cognitive processes; secondly, the cognitive-systemological approach can provide new opportunities for analyzing and explaining the phenomena of interlingual correspondences in a new light.

About the author(s) :

Elena V. Dziuba

Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (Saint Petersburg, Russia)

ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-516X

 

Diana M. Mironova

Southwest State University (Kursk, Russia)

ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1450-515X

Publication Timeline:

Date of receipt: 14.11.2024; date of publication: 28.12.2024

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