Journal archive

Abstract: The urgency of the article is due to new requirements for the structure and content of a dictionary entry in the theory of modern lexicography and the need to increase the semantic capacity of the interpretation of meaning by including restrictive information. At the same time, the issue of restrictive components in lexicographic practice has not been finally resolved; however, many modern ideas can already be traced in the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language” by V. I. Dahl. The methodology of the study is based on the analysis of various types of fragments of a dictionary entry, presenting lexicographically significant information that cannot be deduced directly from the lexical semantics, but is significant for the correct use of the word. The article highlights the types of restrictive components presented in the dictionary. Language restrictions can be due to the language system, norm or usus. Restrictions by the system fix special types of bound meanings and reflect the reasons for the appearance of such meanings as means of secondary nomination. Restrictions by the norm fix the existence of stylistically colored meanings and set the conditions for their use. Among the systemic restrictions of Dahl’s dictionary, there are morphological restrictions, which fix the obligatory forms of syntagmatically related words by means of generalizing pronouns; syntactic restrictions accompanying syntactically bound meanings with an indication of the corresponding conditions of use; lexical restrictions outlining a list of context partners, in combination with which the interpreted meaning is realized. Restrictions of the object- logical content of a word do not affect the change in meaning in terms of marking or dependence; they fully depend on the process of categorization, by the peculiarities of delimitating certain areas of reality by this language. The extra-linguistic factor underlies the restrictions of the situational context, which verbalize information of an encyclopedic nature in the dictionary: historical, social, cultural, ideological. Restrictions of pragmatic nature are represented in the dictionary by a wide variety of emotional-expressive and functional-stylistic marks, as well as marks and comments that characterize the social differentiation of the language. A special place is occupied by restrictions that translate communicatively meaningful information about the asymmetry of social roles.

About the author(s) :

Olga A. Mikhailova

Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin (Ekaterinburg, Russia)

ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2386-7411

Publication Timeline:

Date of receipt: 10.10.2021; publication date: 25.12.2021.

References:

Apresyan, Yu. D. (1986). Integral’noe opisanie yazyka i tolkovyi slovar’ [Integral Description of Language and Explanatory Dictionary]. In Voprosy yazykoznaniya. No. 2, pp. 57–70.

Apresyan, Yu. D. (1995). Izbrannye trudy. Tom II. Integral’noe opisanie yazyka i sistemnaya leksikografiya [Selected Works.Vol. ΙΙ. Integral Description of the Language and System Lexicography]. Moscow, Vostochnaya literatura. 769 p.

Vinogradov, V. V. (1977). Osnovnye tipy leksicheskikh znachenii slov [The Main Types of Lexical Meanings Of Words]. In Izbrannye trudy: Leksikologiya i leksikografiya. Moscow, Nauka.

Gridina, T. A. (2012). «Delat’ iz mukhi slona»: assotsiativnaya proektsiya igrovogo slova v khudozhestvennom tekste [“Making an Elephant Out of a Fly”: an Associative Projection of a Game Word in a Literary Text]. In Lingvistika kreativa-2. Ekaterinburg, pp. 272–288.

Dahl, V. I. (1989). Tolkovyi slovar’ zhivogo velikorusskogo yazyka [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language]. Vol. 1–4. Moscow, Russkii yazyk.

Dzyuba, E. V. (2012). O vidakh i strukture kategorii [On Types and Structure of Categories]. In Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo gosudarstvennogo lingvisticheskogo universiteta im. N. A. Dobrolyubova. No. 2, pp. 20–34.

Emelyanova, O. N. (2004). Stilisticheskaya sostavlyayushchaya leksikograficheskogo opisaniya [Stylistic Component of Lexicographic Description]. In Krysin, L. P. (Ed.). Russkii yazyk segodnya. Issue 3. Moscow, Azbukovnik, pp. 84–90.

Ermakova, O. P. (2004). O zavisimosti leksikologii ot leksikografii [About Dependence of Lexicology Lexicography Forms]. In Krysin, L. P. (Ed.). Russkii yazyk segodnya. Issue 3. Moscow, Azbukovnik, pp. 90–97.Krysin, L. P. (1989). Sotsiolingvisticheskie aspekty izucheniya sovremennogo russkogo yazyka [Sociolinguistic Aspects of Studying the Modern Russian Language]. Moscow, Nauka. 186 p.

Krysin, L. P. (2002). Neyavnye ogranicheniya v leksicheskoi i semanticheskoi sochetayemosti slova [Implicit Restrictions in the Lexical and Semantic Compatibility of the Word]. In Problemy semanticheskogo analiza leksiki. Moscow, Russkie slovari, pp. 50–52.

Krysin, L. P. (2004). Tipy leksikograficheskoi informatsii v russkoi chasti «Bol’shogo russko-ukrainskogo slovarya» [Types of Lexicographic Information in the Russian Part of the “Big Russian-Ukranian Dictionary”]. In Krysin, L. P. (Ed.). Russkii yazyk segodnya. Issue 3. Moscow, Azbukovnik, pp. 149–165.

Murzin, L. N. (1997). O stepenyakh svobody yazyka [On the Degrees of Freedom of Language]. In Russkoe slovo v yazyke, tekste i kul’turnoi srede. Ekaterinburg, pp. 127–133.

Sklyarevskaya, G. N. (1995). Novyi akademicheskii slovar’: ob”ekt, tipologicheskie priznaki, mesto v sisteme russkoi leksikografii [New Academic Dictionary: Object, Typological Features, Place in the System of Russian Lexicology]. In Ocherednye zadachi russkoi akademicheskoi leksikografii. Saint Petersburg, ILI, pp. 15–23.

Sklyarevskaya, G. N. (1995). Funktsional’no-stilisticheskaya kharakteristika leksiki v Novom akademicheskom slovare [Functional and Stylistic Characteristics of Vocabulary in the New Academic Dictionary]. In Ocherednye zadachi russkoi akademicheskoi leksikografii. Saint Petersburg, ILI, pp. 90–103.

Evgen’eva, A. P. (Ed.). (1981-1984). Slovar’ russkogo yazyka: v 4-kh t. [Dictionary of the Russian Language, in 4 vols.]. Vol. 1–4. Moscow.

Uorf, B. (1960). Nauka i yazykoznanie [Science and Linguistics]. In Novoe v lingvistike. Issue 1. Moscow, pp. 169–183.