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Abstract: The article discusses the methods of demonstration of the Russian phraseological system dynamics in the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language” edited by D. N. Ushakov (EDRL), systematizes stable combinations marked by chronological notes, and studies the history of development of these phraseologisms in the language of subsequent years. In the lexicographic reflection of the development of the Russian phraseological fund, the EDRL occupies a special place as the first dictionary of the language of the 20th century, as a work carrying a salient mark of its time, a representative collection of phraseologisms of its era, and a detailed description of the functioning of linguistic units. The scope of investigation of this paper embraces all stable verbal complexes that can be characterized in relation to dynamic language processes (neologization, archaization, change of meaning or stylistic coloring). The aim of the work is to identify and describe stable combinations that receive a chronological characteristic in the EDRL, which can make it possible to assess the dynamics of the phraseological system. The work uses the methods of vocabulary-centered study of the language, continuous sample of phraseologisms, and analysis of lexicographic definitions. The article argues that the EDRL is a unique collection of the phraseological material of the Russian language of the first third of the 20th century and, in many respects, is an ideal model in terms of detailed stylistic, including chronological, marking of stable combinations. The work shows that the chronologically marked stable verbal complexes described in the EDRL were subsequently: a) completely lost by the language, b) remained archaisms capable of acting as a stylistic means in the modern text, c) from neologisms turned into historisms-Sovietisms, d) actualized and with certain semantic changes passed on into the group of active vocabulary, d) became an integral part of the vocabulary of the modern language. The generalization of the experience of explanatory dictionaries in demonstrating the functioning of phraseologisms of different eras, and in many ways the experience of the EDRL, may contribute to solving the urgent problem of modern phraseology and phraseography of studying the dynamics of the development of the phraseological system of the Russian language and the compilation of neological and historical phraseological dictionaries.

About the author(s) :

Elena V. Generalova

Saint Petersburg State University (Saint Petersburg, Russia) ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9431-0418

 

A c k n o w l e d g m e n t s : The research was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 23-18-00141 “Ideographic Dictionary of Russian Phraseological Neology: Dynamics of Language and Thought”).

Publication Timeline:

Date of receipt: 07.08.2023; date of publication: 30.12.2023

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